Spodoptera wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. It is widely distributed throughout tropical and temperate asia, australasia and the pacific islands feakin, 1973. Spodoptera adalah ngengat yang termasuk dalam suku noctuidae. Noctuidae 2 duration of the egg stage is only two to three days during the summer months. Steps for the dissection of male spodoptera moths lepidoptera. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The purpose of this handout is to guide you in the dissection, screening, and identification of moths collected in spodoptera surveys. Spodoptera litura is also a pest of sugarbeet, with infestations presenting in march and peaking in late march and april chatterjee and nayak, 1987. Tropical armyworm can eat the entire foliage from broadleaf plants such as clover, lucerne, plantain and chicory and in severe cases only the grasses remain in pastures. Narendrareddy1 1department of entomology, college of. The net reproductive potential ro obtained was 735. This comparison, however, is based on a stable agestage distribution. Initially, the caterpillars are a translucent green with a dark mark on the thorax. Ovicidal activity of plant extracts against litura.
The danish agricultural agency is an agency under the ministry of environment and food of denmark. Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the family noctuidae. Biology and efficacy of insecticides against tobacco. As seen in sesquiterpenoids, these organisms introduce oxygen atom at their allylic. In insects, the process of chitin biosynthesis is strictly coordinated with the cycle of molts. Larvanya ulatnya dikenal sebagai hama yang sangat merusak. Host plant survey for two years from three different locations in cotton. In addition, to understand the influence of agrochemicals on expression of resistance in plants against insects, it is also.
The larvae are primarily leaf feeders but may occa sionally cut young. Comparison of insecticide resistant and susceptible populations of spodoptera litura fab. Insects admit been encircling coercion aggravate than 400 pet years and it could be argued that they are the most lucky and imperishable epropound coercionm that has continually commencen on this planet. The adult moths are nocturnal and are not often seen. Some authors mistakenly continue to regard the allopatric old world cotton leafworm species s. Sep 19, 2017 spodoptera litura fabricius is a major vegetable pest that is widely distributed throughout tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Promod kumar shakya, masarrat haseeb and uzma manzoor department of plant protection, faculty of agricultural sciences, aligarh muslim university, aligarh, uttar pradesh, india email. Cluster caterpillar spodoptera litura fabricius ctahr university. The duration of egg, larvae, and pupa lasted for an average of 5. Biotransformation of acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoids by various bacteria, fungi, insect larvae, such as spodoptera litura, and mammals, such as rabbits and possums, and human and rat cytochrome enzyme is summarized. Spodoptera litura below are some characters that are useful to distinguish spodoptera litura from other spodoptera species. The life cycle, egg to adult, takes about 30 days in warm weather and up to 8 weeks in cooler conditions. Pest categorisation of spodoptera litura 2019 efsa. Identification and characterization of multiple dsrnases.
The present study, conducted at the central research institute for dryland agriculture, hyderabad, india, aimed. The insect life cycle modelling ilcym software developed by the international potato centre cip 34 was used for the development of. Life table evaluation of spodoptera litura fabricius lepidoptera. Rearing of spodoptera litura fabricius on different artificial diets and its parasitization with trichogramma chilonis ishii ahmadurrahman saljoqi,1 riaz ul haq,1 ehsanulhaq,2 javed khan2 and ghulam ali2 1department of plant protection, faculty of crop protection sciences, the university of agriculture, peshawar, pakistan. Oriental leafworm spodoptera litura msu college of agriculture. The ricecotton cutworm spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest of over 100 different host. We aimed to study the biodiversity of the microbiota across the life cycle of s. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of spltmnpv in s. The following key is designed to help separate middle to late instar s. Top of page for about 60 years, the egyptian cotton leafworm was known as prodenia litura.
They also may feed on stems, buds flowers and fruits. A female moth lays masses of eggs on the undersurface of young leaves. Of the compounds tested in the laboratory fenitrothion, trichlorphon, endosulfan, methomyl, quinalphos and phenthoate, 1. The life cycle can be completed in as few as 24 days, and six generations have been reared during five months of summer weather in florida wilson 1934. More than 100 species of host plants are reported, many of which are of economic importance eppocabi, 1997, robinson et al. Spodoptera litura is a notorious leaf feeding insect pest of more than one hundred plants around the asiapacific region. Spodoptera litura prodlioverview eppo global database. The results suggest amino acid substitution in open reading frame of phantom, shade and disembodied protein in spodoptera litura. Kumar and sevarkodiyone 33 also reported that annona squamosa and lepidium sativum reduced the hatching efficiency of spodoptera litura eggs.
Eggs can be killed with petroleum oil, and both eggs and young larvae can be controlled with foliar applications of 5% cottonseed oil, but this concentra. Spodoptera exigua, an insect known as the beet armyworm, is thought to have originated in southeast asia. Pdf host plants of leafworm, spodoptera litura fabricius. Microplitis prodeniae rao and chandry is a solitary endoparasitoid of s. To assess the potential use of this parasitoid as a biological control agent, the reproductive schedule, fecundity and functional response of m. Effect of five soybean cultivars sahar, jk, bp, williams, and l17 on life table parameters of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. The innate capacity for increase rm and finite rate of. The insect life cycle modelling ilcym software developed by the. The common cutworm, spodoptera litura, has become a major pest of. As soon as it emerges from its pupa, a beet armyworm moth is reproductively mature, and males find females by detecting sex pheromones odors secreted by the females to attract mates.
Conclusion the study on biology of spodoptera litura on castor leaves provides information on different life stage parameters and which confirmed the presence of egg, larval, prepupal and adult stages in its life cycle. Communitybased fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Spodoptera litura an overview sciencedirect topics. Management of spodoptera litura jbiopest extraction, partial. Adult males can detect female sex pheromones from long distances. Morphological and molecular characterization of a new. Its common names reference two of the most frequent host plants of the moth. Spodoptera litura is also known as the oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm, taro caterpillar, tobacco budworm, rice cutworm, and cotton cutworm. Young larvae of spodoptera litura feed in groups on either the top or bottom of leaves, leaving the opposite side intact. A manual of the insects of the hawaiian islands, including enumeration of the species and notes on the origin, distribution, hosts, parasites, etc.
Studies on life fecundity tables of spodoptera litura. Spodoptera litura prodliphotos eppo global database. Ulat yang tidak berbulu oleh awam biasa disebut ulat tentara atau ulat grayak di indonesia, ulat grayak utama adalah spodoptera exigua larva berwarna coklat kehijauan dan s. A bright yellow stripe along the dorsal side of the larvae is characteristic of s. Longevity of adult females was altered by both corn stage consumed and temperaeffects of corn phenology and temperature on the life cycle of the fall armyworm, spodoptera. General information about spodoptera litura prodli eppo global database. Predicted increase in temperature and atmospheric co 2 concentration will influence the growth of crop plants and phytophagous insects. Pupation occurs in soil several centimeters deep without a cocoon. Merrill, is a high cash crop and plays an important role in socioeconomic well being of the people, commercially produced in golestan, mazanedaran.
Biological control of tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. No mating took place on the night of emergence and maximum mating response occurred during the second night after emergence. It is also a pest of crops such as kumara, cabbage, silverbeet, beans and celery in new zealand and is known to attack maize and sweetcorn overseas. Noctuidae was evaluated at c, % relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16 h light8 h dark. This moth is found in asia, with some specific problematic pest population reports occurring in cambodia, hong kong, india, the pacific. For final identification it is necessary that the genitalia are dissected. Maize fall armyworm life cycle spodoptera frugiperda. Noctuidae 4 beet armyworm larvae are susceptible to neem products prabhaker et al. The fall armyworm faw, spodoptera frugiperda, a devastating insectpest, has been identified for the first time on the indian subcontinent. Simulation and visualization of potential population growth in india under warmer temperatures through life cycle modeling table 1. Spodoptera exigua is a serious pest of many agricultural crops.
This manual gives the trained trainers all the information they will need in order to support and sustain an ipm approach for faw management in their communities, and it provides information that will allow trainers to provide behavioural change communication targeted at farmers. This moth is found in asia, with some specific problematic pest population reports occurring in cambodia, hong kong, india, the pacific islands, guam, american. Sjanarthanan, sseshadri,kkathiravarr andsignacimuthu department of zoology, thiagarajar college, madurai 625 009, india 2entomology research institute, loyola college, chennai 600 034, india received 25 july 2002. Castor leaf discs, each 7 mm diameter, were smeared with 10 ml of waterspore suspension containing 2. Effects of four host plants on biology and food utilization. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page for about 60 years, the egyptian cotton leafworm was known as prodenia litura. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out in india in 1975 and 1976 to evaluate the effectiveness of some insecticides against larvae of spodoptera litura f. The efsa panel on plant health plhp performed a pest categorisation of spodoptera litura lepidoptera. Ovicidal activity was also noticed in neem azal ts 26, neem azal 34 and ten medicinal plant oils 35 against spodoptera litura. Life table study of tobacco caterpillar spodoptera litura f. Schott and a biological agent, spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedral virus on the.
Sep 15, 2015 in our study, the finite predation rate. It is established in tropical and subtropical regions where there are. Comparison of amino acid sequences of halloween genes in. Adult the adult moths have a wingspan of 32 to 40 mm males have dark gray and brown shaded mottled forewings with conspicuous triangular white spots at the tip and near. Noctuidae, were studied under laboratory conditions. Identification and functional analysis of two chitin. Pm 7124 1 spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera litura. Nevertheless, beet armyworm invades the southern half of the united states maryland to colorado to northern california, and south annually. Life cycle adults can live for 8 to 10 days eggs hatch in 4 to 12 days larvae pass through six instars in about days after the mature larval stage. However, due to the variability in markings, the only certain way of distinguishing between the two species is by comparing the genitalia.
The efficacies of several entomopathogenic nematodes ofsteinernema andheterorhabditis spp. Pathogenicity and characteristics of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus from peninsular malaysia ahmad s. Our objective was to study the life fecundity tables of spodoptera litura fabricius reared on tobacco cv. Comparison of insecticide resistant and susceptible. Effects of corn phenology and temperature on the life. Biodiversity of the microbiota in spodoptera exigua. The egg cluster is covered and protected with greyish hairs. Except in greenhouses, it rarely is a pest except in southern states. Present status on bioecology and management of tobacco. The forewings need to be examined carefully because of their color variation and similarity to other nonindigenous as well as native species.
All photos included on this page can only be used for educational purposes. Effects of four host plants on biology and food utilization of the. For publication in journals, books or magazines, permission should be obtained from the original photographers with a. Determination of the amino acid sequence of the protein. Life cycle of spodoptera litura assignment research writer. This page was last edited on 22 december 2018, at 17.
Linking life table and predation rate for biological control. Consequently, it has expanded its geographic range extensively outside of asia, becoming an invasive species and crop pest throughout the world. Rearing of spodoptera litura fabricius on different. The spodoptera moths are found primarily active during night and due to its high mobility, female ovipositing on a wide range of host plants, which promotes or even ensures survival of s. Cluster caterpillar spodoptera litura fabricius agricultural pests of the pacific adap 20003, reissued february 2000 isbn 1931435065 keywords.
The average life span from egg to adult is about 30 days. Spodoptera litura flight activity monitored using pheromone and light traps, icrisat center, groundnut seasons, 4 june 19853 june 1987. Analyses on the spreading of spltmnpv spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus multiplied in midgut epithelium cell of in third instar of s. Ulat grayak tinggal di bawah permukaan tanah di siang hari dan. Effect of calotropis procera leaf extract on spodoptera. Thus, chitin biosynthesis may be regulated by 20e 15,44. Temperature impacts the development and survival of common. There are five instars are present in larval stage, these are key elements in damaging the crops, and the. A preliminary account involving basic data on life cycle, fecundity, instar number, duration. Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal. Newly hatched larvae of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner.
The life cycle is completed in about 30 days during the summer, but 60 days in the spring and autumn, and 80 to 90 days during the winter. Biology studies of tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera litura. Spodoptera littoralis is often confused with spodoptera litura due to similar larvae and adult physical appearances. Extraction, partial purification and pesticidal activity of plant lectin against major groundnut defoliator spodoptera litura fab. We identified the sequence of five halloween genes partially and converted into amino acid sequences and then three of them were compared with a very near african species of spodoptera, spodoptera littoralis.
Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, spodoptera exigua. Yoshiaki noma, yoshinori asakawa, in comprehensive natural products ii, 2010. Life table evaluation of spodoptera litura fabricius. Spodoptera litura is one of the major agricultural pests worldwide and can seriously damage some. Kadir3 ldepartment offorest management, 2department ofbiochemistry universiti putra malaysia, 43400 upm, serdang, malaysia.
Localization of proteinacious factors from the male reproductive system of s. Similarly, the information of life history parameters of s. Spodoptera litura underwent the holometabolous type of development and the studies on biology of s. Arcive of sid 2 farahani et al life cycle and fecundity of spodoptera exigua introduction soybean, glycine max l. Spodoptera litura fabricius is a major vegetable pest that is widely distributed throughout tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. The staff of the danish agricultural agency, a total of approximately 1,200 strives countrywide to create the optimal conditions for sustainable growth and green transformation in the fields of. Description and life cycle seasonal activity varies considerably according to climate. Comparative biology of spodoptera litura international journal of. Farmweek msus insect rearing workshop draws participants from around the globe. Life table study of tobacco caterpillar spodoptera litura. Chemical control of the tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera.
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